What’s Inside the World of Embedded Software? A Clear Definition and Exploration

Embedded software is becoming increasingly important in the IT industry, as almost all modern electronic devices rely on it. Around 98% of microprocessors are dedicated to embedded systems being used in consumer products, industrial automation, medical devices, and military applications. Approximately 3 billion embedded systems were shipped in 2020, showcasing its widespread adoption in the electronics sector. This article will discuss the definition of embedded software, how it works, its benefits, use cases, best practices, and recommended books to help you better understand this crucial aspect of software development.

“The best way to predict the future is to create it.”, this quote by Peter Drucker encapsulates the essence of embedded software, as it is the force behind modern technology that is shaping our world in ways we could have hardly imagined years ago.

What is Embedded Software? Definition of Embedded Software

Embedded software refers to the specialized programming implemented within a microcontroller or microprocessor to control, monitor, or manage the functionality of a specific device, system, or piece of equipment. In other words, embedded software is an integral part of electronic hardware that performs specific functions. This includes the software running in various household appliances, automotive systems, and even spacecraft. Embedded software differs from traditional computer software as it is usually designed for a specific purpose with limited resources, such as lower memory and CPU usage.

ℹ️ Synonyms: Firmware, System software, Real-time software, Microcode.

How it Works

Embedded software operates as a part of an embedded system, consisting of both hardware and software components. The software is developed using traditional programming languages, such as C, C++, or Python, and compiled specifically for the target microcontroller or microprocessor to optimize resource utilization. The embedded software works in tandem with the hardware to interpret inputs from sensors, process data, and control actuators or other output devices, such as displays or motors. Embedded systems generally need to perform real-time processing, which means the system must respond to events or handle tasks within a prescribed time frame.

Benefits of using Embedded Software

• Increased functionality: Embedded software allows devices to perform complex tasks, thereby providing a greater level of functionality than could be achieved using mechanical means or simple electronics.
• Cost reduction: As embedded software can be applied to a wide range of hardware components, it can help reduce design, development, and manufacturing costs.
• Space and power efficiency: Embedded software helps manage resources more effectively, leading to reduced power consumption and a smaller footprint for the electronic device.
• Flexibility: Embedded software can be easily modified or updated to add new features, fix bugs or improve performance, making it a flexible solution for electronic product development.
• Improved reliability: With proper testing and design, embedded software can be made very reliable, ensuring consistent and correct execution of tasks.
• Integration: Embedded software can seamlessly integrate with other electronic components, systems, and software to create a unified, connected environment.

Embedded Software use cases

Embedded software can be found in diverse applications, including but not limited to:

• Consumer electronics: smartphones, televisions, home automation systems, and wearable devices
• Automotive systems: engine control, airbag systems, infotainment, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)
• Medical devices: pacemakers, blood glucose meters, and diagnostic imaging equipment
• Industrial automation: robotics, process control systems, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs)
• Aerospace and defense: guidance systems, flight control software, and satellite systems

Code Examples

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

#define LED_PIN PB0

int main(void)
{
  DDRB |= (1 << LED_PIN);  // Set LED pin as output

  while (1)
  {
    PORTB |= (1 << LED_PIN);  // Turn on LED
    _delay_ms(500);           // Wait 500 milliseconds
    PORTB &= ~(1 << LED_PIN); // Turn off LED
    _delay_ms(500);           // Wait 500 milliseconds
  }

  return 0;
}

Best Practices

When developing embedded software, it is essential to consider factors such as power optimization, system reliability, and efficient resource allocation. Start by selecting an appropriate hardware platform to meet the specific requirements of the application. Design the software with a modular approach, separating functionality into smaller, manageable blocks, and using an appropriate real-time operating system (RTOS) where necessary. Always emphasize testing and validation, including simulating different scenarios and stress-testing the software to ensure optimal performance and reliability. Maintain up-to-date documentation so the embedded system can be easily understood, modified, or updated by other designers or engineers.

Most recommended books about Embedded Software

To learn more about embedded software and its development, the following books are highly recommended:

• “Making Embedded Systems” by Elecia White: This book provides a comprehensive, hands-on guide to designing embedded systems.
• “Embedded Systems: Real-Time Operating Systems for Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers” by Jonathan W. Valvano: This book focuses on RTOS concepts, principles, and their practical implementation.
• “Embedded Software: The Works” by Colin Walls: This book covers all aspects of embedded software development, from system design through to programming and real-time operating systems.
• “Test-Driven Development for Embedded C” by James W. Grenning: This book introduces the test-driven development approach for embedded software, ensuring reliability and maintainability.

Conclusion

Embedded software is an integral part of modern electronic devices, providing specialized functions, increased reliability, and efficient resource management. As the demand for more advanced and intelligent devices grows, the significance of embedded software development will continue to increase. By understanding its benefits, use cases, and best practices, you can better leverage the power of embedded software in your next electronics project or career in the IT industry.

Tags: code, definition, development, devices, embedded.